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Grounation Day (April 21) is an important Rastafari holy day, and second after Coronation Day (November 2). It is celebrated in honor of Haile Selassie's 1966 visit to Jamaica. ==Visit of Selassie to Jamaica== Haile Selassie had already met with several Rasta elders in Addis Ababa, and had allowed Rastafari and other people of African descent to settle on his personal land in Shashamane. Haile Selassie visited Jamaica on Thursday, 21 April 1966. Some 100,000 Rastafari from all over Jamaica descended on Palisadoes Airport in Kingston,〔Dread, The Rastafarians of Jamaica, by Joseph Owens ISBN〕 having heard that the man whom they considered to be God was coming to visit them. They waited at the airport playing drums and smoking large quantities of marijuana.〔 Today the Rastafari celebrate that Haile Selassie visited Jamaica on April 21st. When Haile Selassie's Ethiopian Airlines flight landed at the airport at 1:30 PM, the crowd surrounded his plane on the tarmac. The day had been overcast and stormy. After about half an hour, the door swung open and the emperor appeared at the top of the mobile steps. A deafening tumult was heard from the crowd, who beat calabash drums, lit firecrackers, waved signs, and sounded Abeng horns of the Maroons. All protocol was dropped as the crowd pressed past the security forces and onto the red carpet that had been laid out for the reception. Selassie waved from the top of the steps; some interpreters have claimed that he shed tears, although this is disputed. He then returned into the plane, disappearing for several more minutes. Finally Jamaican authorities were obliged to request Ras Mortimer Planno, a well-known Rasta leader, to climb the steps, enter the plane, and negotiate the Emperor's descent.〔''Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley'' by Timothy White p. 15, 210, 211.〕 When Planno reemerged, he announced to the crowd: "The Emperor has instructed me to tell you to be calm. Step back and let the Emperor land"〔''Black Heretics, Black Prophets: Radical Political Intellectuals'' p. 189 by Anthony Bogues〕 After Planno escorted the African monarch down the steps, journalists were puzzled by Selassie's refusal to walk on the red carpet on the way to his limousine. (''grounation'', Iyaric equivalent of ''foundation'', "uplifted" with the sound of the word ''ground'' in the sense of "making contact with the soil" ) He was then driven to the King's House, the residence of Governor-General Clifford Campbell.〔White, p. 211.〕 As a result of Planno's actions, the Jamaican authorities were asked to ensure that Rastafari representatives were present at all state functions attended by His Majesty,〔''Rastafari: From Outcasts to Culture Bearers'' Page 86 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds〕〔''Verbal Riddim: The Politics and Aesthetics of African-Caribbean Dub Poetry'', page 83 by Christian Habekost〕 and Rastafari elders, including Planno and probably Joseph Hibbert, also obtained a private audience with the Emperor,〔Edmonds, p. 86〕 where he reportedly told them that they should not immigrate to Ethiopia until they had first liberated the people of Jamaica. This dictum came to be known as "liberation before repatriation". At a dinner held at the King's House, Rastas claimed that acting Jamaican Prime Minister Donald Sangster had stamped his foot at Lulu, Haile Selassie's pet chihuahua, who, they swore, had responded with the roar of a lion.〔White, p. 211〕 Defying expectations of the Jamaican authorities,〔(''Reggae Routes: The Story of Jamaican Music'' ) by Kevin O'Brien, p. 243.〕 Selassie never rebuked the Rastafari for their belief in him as the Messiah. Instead, he presented the movement's faithful elders with gold medallions bearing the Ethiopian seal – the only recipients of such an honour on this visit.〔〔("African Crossroads - Spiritual Kinsmen" ) Dr. Ikael Tafari, The Daily Nation, Dec.〕 Meanwhile, he presented some of the Jamaican politicians, including Sangster, with miniature coffin-shaped cigarette boxes.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grounation Day」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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